Azerbaijan Journal of Chemical News

This work is dedicated to adsorption study of Cd (II) ions by 1-[1-Methyl-2-
(methylamino) ethyl] thiourea modified synthetic rubber. The impact of pH, contact time, initial
metal ion concentration were among the several parameters influencing the adsorption process
that was studied throughout the research. The highest adsorption capacity was achieved with
593.47 mg/g at pH=3 after modification with new thiourea derivative. Five adsorption isotherm
models were examined to explain the adsorption process, and it was found that results are in
agreement with the Redlich–Peterson Isotherm. The Temkin model was examined and found
that there is chemical adsorption occurs in the adsorbent-adsorbate system. Desorption study
are also included in this paper to study regeneration property of the adsorbent. So, 0.5 mol/l
H3PO4 has demonstrated the maximum desorption capability over Cd (II) ions

This research on the synthesis of composite materials based on heavy oil residues
possesses scientific novelty in several aspects. In the contemporary stage of industrial
development, the increasing waste load of the oil refining industry, along with the growing
demand for high-performance and durable materials, necessitates new approaches for scientific
and technological advancement. For the first time, polymer composites have been developed
based on petroleum porphyrins isolated from asphaltene–resin–paraffin residues. A new
synthesis method for polymer composite materials based on petroleum porphyrins isolated from
the asphaltene–resin–paraffin residues of the Buzovna field has been proposed. This approach
contributes to solving the environmental problem associated with the utilization of heavy oil
residues. The observed spectroscopic changes can be explained by the fact that the
immobilization of the porphyrin occurs through the formation of ionic bonds between the
functional groups of the porphyrin and the positively charged nitrogen atoms of chitosan,
resulting in the formation of an insoluble polyelectrolyte complex. Thus, the results indicate that
only chitosan effectively binds to the porphyrin, whereas methylcellulose remains inert.

The paper presents the results of studying the accumulation of organometallic
compounds on the surface of a zeolite-containing catalyst (ZCC) during the catalytic
oxycracking of heavy hydrocarbon raw materials. The aim of the study was to determine the
nature and degree of accumulation of trace elements that can affect the activity and stability of
the catalyst. The experiments were carried out at a temperature of 500 °C, an oxygen
concentration of 1 %, a contact time of 1.2-2 s, and a process duration of 900 s. The elemental
composition of the catalyst surface before and after catalysis was studied by energy-dispersive
microanalysis (EDM). It is established that during the process, the accumulation of trace
elements Fe, Ni, Cr, and Ca occurs on the surface of the catalyst Ca, due to their migration
from the raw material. As the contact time increases, the Fe content increases to 2.3%, Cr to
0.1%, Ni to 0.04%, and Ca to 0.02 %. The obtained values are significantly lower than the
known critical levels at which the active sites of the catalyst are deactivated. This allows us to
conclude that the accumulation of metals on the surface of ZCCs is not the main reason for the
decrease in its activity during catalytic oxycracking, and decontamination is associated with
other factors that require further study

The study of using non-traditional feedstock resources for the catalytic cracking process enables the processing of a wide range of raw materials, as well as the possibility of regulating selectivity toward various feedstocks. In this regard, the introduction of a Mo catalyst additive— prepared by mixing paramolybdate solution (PMS) with an activating ammonium sulfide solution— into the selected feedstock for the catalytic cracking process leads to the formation of molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), which is a conventional hydrotreating catalyst component under cracking conditions. This compound exhibits catalytic activity in hydrogenation and hydrocracking reactions. In the presence of the additive, the optimal process conditions correspond to a temperature of 500 °C and an additive concentration of 0.05 wt%. The introduction of the catalyst additive into the feedstock increases the overall acidity of the catalyst from 23.6 to 47.2 µmol during cracking. Moreover, the acidity level of the catalyst and the ratio of acid sites of different strengths intensify the cracking of the feedstock, thereby facilitating the effective progression of reactions during the process.

This study investigates the influence of different binding agents—petroleum pitch, coal tar pitch, and bitumen BND 50/70—on the physicomechanical and thermotechnical properties of shale briquettes produced from fine shale fractions. The results demonstrate that the nature and amount of the binder play a decisive role in the formation of the structural framework, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and energy efficiency of the briquetted fuel. The increase in binder content from 5 to 15 wt.% leads to a consistent rise in density, compressive strength, and calorific value, alongside a decrease in porosity, water absorption, and ash content. Coal tar pitch was found to be the most effective binder, providing the highest mechanical strength (3.0–5.5 MPa), lowest water absorption (8–16%), reduced abrasiveness, and the maximum lower heating value (11.2–13.4 MJ/kg). Its high aromaticity and tendency toward carbonization contribute to the formation of a dense coke residue, ensuring long-lasting and stable combustion. Petroleum pitch exhibited moderate performance in both mechanical and thermotechnical parameters and can serve as a balanced and economically feasible binding agent. Bitumen BND 50/70 resulted in briquettes with the lowest strength, highest porosity and water absorption, and the least stable combustion behavior due to its high volatile content and limited carbonization capability. The obtained results confirm a strong correlation between the chemical nature of the binder, its thermal decomposition behavior, and the resulting performance characteristics of shale briquettes. These findings allow for the targeted optimization of briquette formulations depending on their intended application—ranging from high-strength, thermally stable industrial fuel to low-cost, rapidly igniting briquettes for domestic use.

The efficient and reliable operation of modern automobile engines directly depends on the quality of the gasoline used in the fuel system. One of the main technological characteristics of gasoline is its knock resistance, that is, its resistance to self-ignition under high compression ratios. The knock process leads to a decrease in engine power, incomplete combustion of fuel, energy loss, as well as damage to the piston, valves, and cylinder walls. Therefore, the production of gasoline characterized by a high octane number is of special importance for extending the service life of engines and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations. The present study investigated the effect of various oxygenate blends (MTBE and IBA ) on the octane number of automotive gasoline. The effectiveness of these oxygenates was increased due to the emergence of a synergistic effect when they were blended.
A synergistic effect was observed with the combined action of a two-component mixture of MTBE and IBS in ratios of 20–80 and 80–20 wt.%, respectively, resulting in an increase in the octane number of gasoline fractions to 1.3–2.0 units compared to that of individual oxygenates.