Currently, worldwide, the main method influencing oil fields is water flooding, which is considered the most intensive and cost-effective method for developing oil fields with different geological structures and specific production conditions. The presence of various types and regimes of oil fields, complex geological structures (such as tectonic disturbances, multilayering, variations in thickness, porosity, and permeability of productive formations across fields and sections), complex physical and chemical properties of reservoir fluids, and production systems all affect the water flooding process to varying degrees. A significant volume of water is injected into the reservoir to maintain formation pressure and displace oil. The uneven production of reserves is facilitated by the fragmentation of oilsaturated formations and high heterogeneity. During reservoir development, accelerated production of oil reserves accumulated in zones with high permeability, a rapid increase in water cut, and a decline in oil recovery rate are observed. This leads to uneven water flooding coverage. Simultaneously, a considerable volume of water is injected and produced, resulting in increased costs for electricity, transportation, and processing of the extracted products. Therefore, during reservoir development, the regulation of water injection and fluid production volumes, as well as the reduction of operational costs and the improvement of recovery efficiency, are critical. The analysis of water influence in complex heterogeneous formations and the enhancement of monitoring methods for its implementation are current and priority challenges in oil production, particularly in oil and gas extraction.