STUDY OF AUTOMATION OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AT THE WORKING POINT IN LASER COATING
DOI:
10.32010/GAGA4819
Abstract
In modern production technologies, various methods are used to strengthen the surface and increase its operational qualities. Among these methods, the laser cladding process has been distinguished in recent years by its superiority and wide application area. Laser cladding is a process of melting and solidifying an additional material on the surface of the base metal with the help of a high-energy laser beam. As a result, a coating layer with high wear, corrosion and temperature resistance is formed. In this process, the temperature regime of both the material to be coated and the base surface plays a decisive role, since temperature instability directly affects the quality of the coating. Thermal processes occurring during laser cladding are very fast and complex. Therefore, real-time monitoring and control of the process is necessary. Accurate and continuous temperature measurement is of great importance in ensuring the homogeneity, microstructure, adhesion and resistance to cracking of the coating. Traditional measurement methods have difficulty responding to this fast and dynamic process. Therefore, the application of automated and highly sensitive sensor systems has become a necessity. As a result of technological developments, non-contact measuring devices such as pyrometers, thermal cameras and infrared sensors are integrated into laser coating systems. These devices make it possible to measure temperature in real time and transmit the results to the controllers that control the process. Control systems (for example, PID algorithms or artificial intelligence-based models) can analyze this data and automatically adjust the laser power, coating speed and other parameters. The purpose of this research work is to investigate methods for automating temperature measurement at the working point (i.e. in the zone where the laser beam comes into contact with the surface) in the laser coating process, to analyze applicable technologies and equipment and to evaluate the factors affecting the efficiency of the process. Automation and digitalization measures to be implemented in this direction in the future can accelerate the transition of the industry to more sustainable, economical and high-quality product production. The object of the research: technical means and systems used to measure temperature at the working point (the zone affected by the laser) in the laser coating process and to automate this measurement. This includes temperature measurement sensors (pyrometers, thermal cameras, and other infrared devices), control modules used for data collection and processing (microcontrollers, PLC systems), as well as software and control algorithms that provide communication between these components. Thanks to the application of the proposed automated system, temperature deviations were reduced from ±50°C to ±15°C, the microstructural stability of the product surface was maintained, and the need for human intervention in the control process was significantly reduced. It is recommended that future research continue to make control more flexible, predictable, and safe through the application of artificial intelligence-based control algorithms, smart sensor technologies, and cloud-based SCADA systems.
Keywords
laser
laser coating
laser temperature
measurement
automation