Geological and technical measures (GTM) play a key role in increasing hydrocarbon production by improving interaction with productive layers. These measures are aimed at increasing the permeability of the formation, optimizing the oil recovery factor (ORF), reducing water cut, and solving other technical problems that arise during the development and operation of oil fields. GTM includes both mechanical and chemical methods, aimed at effective management of formation properties during exploitation. The use of new technologies not only helps increase the hydrocarbon recovery factor but also reduces the risks associated with the degradation of formation quality. The article examines various types and classifications of GTM, focusing on their impact on well performance and field operation. It also discusses problems that arise in complex geological and technical conditions and the methods required to address them. An important aspect is taking into account the unique characteristics of each field, as geological conditions can vary significantly and require specialized approaches. The article also considers the causes of permeability deterioration in the near-wellbore zone and methods for restoring permeability, including chemical and mechanical treatments. The effectiveness of these methods is evaluated based on the reservoir characteristics, and recommendations are provided for selecting the most suitable solutions. It should be emphasized that successful implementation of GTM requires highly qualified specialists and the use of advanced technologies, which contribute to improving economic indicators and reducing production costs. Optimization of GTM allows operators to ensure long-term productivity of fields, efficient hydrocarbon extraction, and minimal environmental impact. Furthermore, the successful integration of GTM significantly increases the service life of fields, which is important for the long-term stability of production. It is important to note that the effectiveness of each method depends on a comprehensive approach and continuous monitoring of changes in the reservoirs. Therefore, the development and implementation of GTM require constant data analysis and adaptation to changing field conditions. Effective coordination of all stages of geological and technical measures contributes not only to increased production but also to reducing operational risks.