The article investigates the results of geophysical and exploration studies carried out in the Absheron Archipelago. It presents an analysis of prospecting and exploration drilling activities. The distribution zones and lithofacies characteristics of the Productive Series sediments have been determined. The variation in sand content across most reservoir units of the Productive Series has been examined. Moreover, the regional and local tectonic features of uplifts located in the Absheron Archipelago, as well as structural maps and regional and local geological profiles based on seismic and exploration data, have also been analyzed. Information has been provided on the lithology and facies–cyclic structure of the Productive Series. Most of the structures located in the northern and northwestern parts of the Absheron Peninsula are considered low-potential areas for gas field exploration. The prospective areas are located in the central and southwestern parts of the Absheron Peninsula. The prospectivity of Oligocene-Miocene deposits in these areas is substantiated by the increase in sand content in the southwestern direction, in areas adjacent to the Gobustan region of Western Absheron, and by the industrially significant oil and gas flows obtained from the Binagadi, Sulutepe, Karakheybeyt, Shubani, and Garadag fields, which are located in the boundaries of the Baku, Guzdek, and Chuvadag anticlinal structures, known as the main hydrocarbon generation zones. In the Absheron oil and gas region, the boundary of the distribution of the main oil and gas object, the MQ deposits, can be determined based on the thickness maps constructed for the MQ and its lower subdivision deposits.The Balakhani formation in the Absheron Archipelago is represented by interlayered clay, aleurolite, and sandstone. The analysis of the paleogeographic conditions for the formation of the Balakhani formation in the Absheron Archipelago reveals the complex geological history of the region. The formation of the Balakhani formation in the Absheron Archipelago occurred in a complex paleohydrological environment. During this period, alternating marine and continental sedimentation conditions, accompanied by active tectonic processes and volcanism, took place in the region. By studying the geological development characteristics of the structures in the northwestern part of the Absheron Archipelago, their oil and gas prospectivity is clarified. Since these structures are located in the transition zone between the young platform and the Alpine geosyncline, the prospectivity of both the MQ deposits existing in the geosynclinal regime and the Mesozoic deposits deposited in the platform regime is substantiated in their section. In the uplifts of the northwestern part of the Absheron Archipelago, the MQ deposits transgressively lie on the underlying Miocene deposits, and to the west, the layers in its foot gradually become truncated. In such truncated layers, the presence of stratigraphic and lithological non-anticlinal reservoirs is possible.